Physiology of oral cavity, pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter

The three paired muscles of the inner pharynx act as a group in order to elevate the larynx, shorten the pharynx and act during swallowing and speaking These

It passes into the pharynx above the upper border of the superior constrictor and inserts into the posterior surface of the palatine aponeurosis between the two

pharynx The pharynx is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea It is found in vertebrates

pharynx Figure 4: Posterior view of pharynx Figure 5: Posterior view of pharyngeal muscles A External layer B Internal layer